Ramadan AA and Mansour UM
Oshin, Blanch and Lex are three commercial insecticides belong to neonicotinoid (a new class of agrochemicals). In the present study, sheep Polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were exposed in vitro to different concentrations (100 μM, 50 μM, and 10 μM) of three insecticides (Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, and Thiamethoxam) to explore their effect on selective immune parameters such as phagocytic activity, lysozyme and nitric oxide concentrations. in vitro exposure of sheep PMNL to the three pesticides at different concentrations for 2 hours decreased phagocytic activity compared with control non treated cells, in dose-dependent manner. Oshin was the most powerful toxic neonicotinoid in this study. Unlike phagocytic activity, decrease of lysozyme activity was not dose-dependent. Oshin and blanch-treated cells showed significant decrease in lysozyme concentration at 100 μM dose compared with other concentrations. Lex-treated cells, at 100 μM and 50 μM there was a significant decrease in lysozyme concentration compared with 10 μM. Nitric oxide analysis showed significant decrease in Oshin-treated cells compared with both Lex and Blanch treated-cells at 100 μM. No significant difference between Oshin and Blanch treated cells at 50 and 10 μM concentration.
English 
Chinese 
Russian 
German 
French 
Japanese 
Portuguese 
Hindi